A combination of flight paths, a calculation of the direction of Mecca and sea routes. All about geodesic lines.
Islam went beyond simply establishing the direction. Starting around 1200 AD, astronomers built and sold qibla tools, remarkably elegant mapping devices. A pocket-sized GPS for finding Mecca.
http://polistrasmill.blogspot.com/2021/06/astrometeorology-5-qibla.html
Islam went beyond simply establishing the direction. Starting around 1200 AD, astronomers built and sold qibla tools, remarkably elegant mapping devices. A pocket-sized GPS for finding Mecca.
http://polistrasmill.blogspot.com/2021/06/astrometeorology-5-qibla.html